绍兴黄酒陶坛氧传递速率研究

传统绍兴黄酒贮存于陶坛,因陶坛透气,进入陶坛的氧气可促进黄酒成熟,并影响黄酒的颜色、风味和稳定性。为研究黄酒贮存过程中陶坛的氧传递速率,以Fe~(2+)溶液为还原剂,绍兴黄酒密封于陶坛贮存30d后,进入陶坛的O_2会将Fe~(2+)氧化为Fe~(3+),采用硫氰酸钾比色法测定Fe~(3+)质量浓度,可估算出贮存期进入陶坛的氧气量及氧传递速率。结果表明,传统陶坛的日均氧传递速率(OTR)为0.106mg/L,为设计带有微氧化装置的黄酒专用大型不锈钢贮酒罐提供理论依据。     

Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

Effect of Shenfu injection on hemodynamics of hypovolemic shock and oxygen delivery

AIM: To evaluate the effect of Shenfu injection on hemodynamics of hypovolemic shock patients and oxygen delivery by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (Hemosonic 100 TM). METHODS: The transesophageal probe was placed in 32 patients with hypovolemic shock. 50 mL Shenfu injection were intravenously administered within 5 min. The parameters, including ABF, SVa, Acc, LVETi and TSVRa, were recorded at interval of 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. Meanwhile, MAP was measured at the same interval. Arterial and venous blood gases were taken at the beginning and 30, 60 and 120 min of the trial. DO2, VO2 and ERO2 were calculated. RESULTS: Acc, SVa, ABF increased while TSVRa decreased at 10 min after administration of Shenfu injection (P<0.01). DO2 and VO2 increased (P<0.01) and ERO2 decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Shenfu injection has a beneficial effect on hypovolemic shock by increasing cardiac output and improving oxygen delivery.     

An upper limit for elevated root zone dissolved oxygen concentration for tomato

It is well understood that insufficient oxygen within plant root zones can greatly diminish plant productivity. However, little is known about the effect of elevated root zone oxygen concentrations. Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Mill., cv. Trust) seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration ranging from 5.3 to 40 mg L⁻¹ for 4 weeks. There were no visible symptoms observed on the leaves or stems in any of the treatments. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment than with 20 and 30 mg L⁻¹ DO treatments. Two weeks from the start of the experiment, roots in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment exhibited stunted growth, became thicker, and had fewer side and fine roots compared to roots in the lower levels of DO treatment. Almost all the measured growth parameters (fresh and dry weights of root, stem, and leaf, leaf area, stem diameter) were significantly reduced in plants grown in the 40 mg L⁻¹ treatment compared to plants in the lower level of DO treatments, except that the plant height increased with the increasing DO concentration. Root respiration increased linearly with increasing DO concentration; however, there was no effect on leaf net CO₂ exchange rate. It is suggested that it was safe to enrich root zone DO to as high as 30 mg L⁻¹, although the growth benefit was minor by increasing DO from ambient air saturated level (∼8.5 mg L⁻¹) to 30 mg L⁻¹. Higher than 30 mg L⁻¹ could cause reduction in tomato plant growth.     

基于温度-含氧量的全自动堆肥通风控制系统设计

采用工业计算机和下位机的监测控制方式,开发了基于温度-含氧量的全自动堆肥通风控制系统,并实现了软硬件的配套设计.运行试验表明:采用该工艺堆肥,时间一般为2周,高温期(55～65℃)可维持9 d以上,能有效杀灭病原微生物,产品稳定性好;可在整个堆肥过程中实现自动在线监控堆体温度、含氧量和湿度,运行稳定.     

不同氧气浓度下烟草甲各虫态活性研究

为了减少磷化氢等有毒化学物质在储烟害虫防治中的施用量,为生产上运用低氧技术防治烟草甲等仓贮害虫提供技术参考,本试验研究了低氧环境对烟草甲各虫态致死作用及对烟草甲各虫态历期的影响。结果表明,在气调贮存运用中,可以将垛内氧气浓度调至2%,经历杀虫阶段后可以将垛内氧气浓度回调至4%～6%,这样可以在有效抑制虫害的基础上,最大限度地保证烟叶的醇化质量。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.

The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg^–1 h^–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1, respectively.     

对虾养殖中新生残饵耗氧动态及其规律的研究

本文根据实验模拟研究的结果，估算了由配合饵料和贻贝肉形成残饵后３６天时间内的耗氧量，并讨论了其耗氧动态和规律。残饵耗氧量的变化范围为４．０９～１７．６１ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ。残饵耗氧曲线随残饵形成时间的不同而显著变化，且始终呈二次曲线衰减形式，在其演变过程中，该二次曲线方程的二次项系数由负数逐渐演变为正数，并最终接近于污染虾塘底质的耗氧曲线。配合饵料和贻贝肉的耗氧曲线变化形式相近，但程度上存在较大差异。另外，本文还初步探讨了残饵的耗氧高峰期，估算了残饵在虾塘底质总耗氧量中的作用。     

哲罗鱼耗氧量与体重、水温的关系

通过对 2 2 5g、 2 2 7 5g、 2 60g 3组体重范围 ,在 8℃、 1 2℃、 1 6℃、 2 0℃ 4个水温范围下的哲罗鱼耗氧量的测定 ,研究了哲罗鱼耗氧量与体重、水温的关系。结果表明 :耗氧量随着体重和水温的增加而增加 ,在 1 2℃～ 1 6℃水温范围 ,温度增加 ,但耗氧率增加不显著 ,认为此水温为哲罗鱼生长的适宜水温。水温在 1 6℃时 ,耗氧量与体重的关系为 :R =0 2 962W0 90 82 (R :耗氧量 ,mg/h·尾 ,W :体重 ,g) ;在体重 2 60g时 ,耗氧量与水温的关系为 :R =1 5 496 +1 8776T (R :耗氧量 ,mg/h·尾 ,T :水温 ,℃ )。     

Respiratory and hematological response of tench, Tinca tinca (L.) to a short-term cadmium exposure

The effects of 3 h exposure to 96hLC50 of cadmium (4.5 mg dm⁻³) on oxygen consumption rate, and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, erythrocyte and leukocyte pattern) of juvenile tench were evaluated. Oxygen consumption significantly decreased beginning from 24 h postexposure, and remained reduced until the end of the experiment (96 h postexposure). RBC gradually increased, together with the percentage of juvenile cells in circulation. On the other hand, cadmium induced damage to the red cells – the share of cellular anomalies significantly increased with time postexposure. They included abnormal cell shape, vacuolization, swelling, chromatin disintegration in the nucleus, and nucleus indentation. The exposed fish showed a gradual and significant decrease in WBC without a shift of lymphocyte/neutrophil proportion. No significant changes in thrombocyte count occurred. The results show that short-term exposure to cadmium reduced fish energetic metabolism, and suppressed immune abilities. The symptoms gradually developed after the end of exposure, and no recovery took place until␣96 h.